Research and Describe Behavioral Effects from Alcohol - 1375 Words

Research and Describe Behavioral Effects from Alcohol (Research Paper Sample) Content: BEHAVIORAL EFFECTS FROM ALCOHOLName:Course:Tutor:Date: What do we usually feel when see a mother with a baby carriage holding it in one hand and a bottle of beer in the other? How do we usually perceive a drunken father picking up his child from school? What do we usually think of the company of teenagers abusing alcohol? How about violence at home, caused by drunken mother or deathful car crash provoked by the drunk driver? Unfortunately all these facts are not fictitious; they do exist nowadays and are not intended to become rare. The following paper will illustrate the behavioral effects caused by the alcohol use and abuse. It will also show consequences on alcohol use in the period of pregnancy and after it. It is the well known fact that alcohol use today is among the major public health problem. Abuse of alcohol increase the risk to be injured, come under state of violence, may cause the inappropriate behavior and lead to serious diseases such as HIV infection, hepatitis and others. In its statistic report, the Alcohol-Related Disease Impact application stated that from 2006 to 2010 there happened about 88,000 deaths caused by the excessive alcohol use. Over use of alcohol is the third leading lifestyle which causes death of people in the United States each year. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism states that the percentage of drinkers in the past month was about 56% and there are 17 million Americans who have alcohol use disorder. Such disorders couldnt avoid the consequences of more than 10 percent of U.S. children to live with alcohol addicted parents, according to the study. (Alcohol Facts and Statistics, NIAAA).Alcohol dependence is a chronic lifelong threatening disease. Based in the brain, it affects the nerve centre and gives the feeling of lightness and relaxation. Sometimes alcohol use may change the way certain people react and be perceived by the body as hunger, instead person is already addictive to alcohol. It should be stated that persons heredity and the environment one live in influences on the addiction to alcohol. Some research consider that alcohol addiction happens mostly in the vulnerable families, where moral values are at low level, violence and abuse is norm fact. One or another member of such family is inclined to fall under the alcohol addiction. Use of alcohol drinks can make negative impact on ones health. It affects ones body by interfering brains pathways and can affect the way it works. Such destruction provokes changes in mood and behavior. Sober person lives under the standards and society values, while for alcoholic these moral principles become totally different. Beside changes in behavior, drinking alcohol ruins cardiovascular system, liver, pancreas, it increases risk of some cancer disease and influence the immune system in general. Too much of alcohol use and for a long time causes serious disorders, such as strong need to drink, loss of control, negative emoti ons, worry. Addicted to alcohol person feels the need to drink more in order to feel the previous positive effect. Alcohol addiction changes the behavior of one who uses such drinks. Hangovers become usual thing, which lead to the academic problems or problems at work; rapid changes in mood provoke argues with the people around. The whole system of values is changed. One is inclined to communicate likewise people in order to be at the same level with them. Together with the life in the fast lane, person is engaged into sometimes unwanted and usually unprotected sexual activity. Because of the improper behavior, people addicted to alcoholism are more intended to argue damaging property. This usually lead to troubles with law and changing in the ordinary lifestyle. Neuroscientists state that alcohol worsen the formation of memory in the rising generation, thats why much attention is given to the youth alcoholism (Washington and Lee University, 2011). Over use of alcohol causes not onl y physical diseases, but is also social and economic burden for the community. It is stated in losing ones sense of responsibility regarding the society and and the people around. As the result of such irresponsibility there appear incidents of negative behavior concerning the closest people the alcoholic lives and works with; even if all present assistance and support the alcoholic is tend to reject ones help and attention unstable emotional state of alcoholics simply hurt other people. Even when drunken person is not violent because of the harmful addiction, alcohol is still present and those who lose control over themselves still are. As a matter of act alcohol addictive people turn into different people. It doesnt matter what type of personality the alcoholic is in life, he/she is inclined to have illnesses associated with excessive drinking.In the years between 1991 and 2005 half a million of pregnant women were surveyed in order to find out the percentage of those who drank a lcohol while being pregnant and before the pregnancy. About 12 % of the respondents used alcohol during the period of pregnancy (Alcohol Facts and Statistics, NIAAA). It is being proved that small amounts of alcohol affects women completely different than it affect men. Heavy drinking has got worse consequences for women than it is for men. The Dietary Guidelines states that drinking alcohol can cause the increase of risk for car crashes, high blood pressure, stroke and certain types of cancer. Alcohol use impacts not only women health, but it also provoke the aggressive behavior and even lead to suicidal actions. Even for the fact that alcohol is illegal for person under twenty- one, many of the teen girls drink. About 37% of the ninth grade girls drink alcohol (NIAAA). Being under the influence of alcohol, young women are prone to sexual abuse or unplanned sexual relation with the most unpredictable consequences, such as pregnancy or diseases. There is no need to make an emphasis on behavior of girls who abuse alcohol. They are louder, usually want to seem older than they are and act provocative concerning relations with boys. Their moral principles are breaking down, which lead to the problems with the studying and health, also cause the incidents with police. Researcher suggests that those girls and women who have trouble with the relationship are inclined to drink alcohol more, than those who have good attitude. It should be mentioned that women who suffered sexual abuse in the childhood are more likely to become alcoholics when growi...

Various Ways in Which Science is Being Applied Currently - 1650 Words

Various Ways in Which Science is Being Applied Currently (Term Paper Sample) Content: Contemporary Application of ScienceNameInstitutionThe process of Science is a way of creating knowledge about the universe and developing new ideas that illuminate the world around us. Those ideas are initially provisional, but as they cycle through the process of science and are tested severally in different ways, we become increasingly confident in them. The contemporary applications of Science are those that are occurring currently and we can all relate to them. They are several of them.Firstly, science has been applied in the food sector à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ ensuring food security in the world. The challenge is evident the world has to produce sufficient food to sustain its people. This is despite having limited land, water, climatic changes among other factors. For this reason, food science has to be applied. The previous discoveries have to be fully implemented while new ones be sought. This has to be done in line with conserving the environment à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ the level of greenhouse ought to be sharply reduced.Crop improvement through breeding has been a huge success of agriculture. Much of the increased yields in most developing countries has been attributed to the use of improved varieties of the crop. Use of new crop varieties can lead to a win-win situation in terms of environment and harvest (Jean Baptiste HABYARIMANA, 2014). A good example is conventional breeding that has been used to develop a drought-resistant wheat. This one goes a long way in solving the food security problem.Genomic techniques such as assisted breeding help reduce elements in chance plant breeding. This has led to the development of a more disease-resistant cassava that is now supplied to most countries in East and Central Africa. Often crops are attacked by disease, pesticides and weeds. It's up to science to ensure that the attacks are minimized. Protection of crops from pesticides has made a significant increase in production over the years. However, losses have occurr ed as a result of pesticides. All the same, a well-managed use of conventional pesticides must continue to play a major role in curbing pests and diseases.Biotechnology involves the application of science and technology. This has been a huge boost in agricultural development. Biotechniques involve ways in which living organisms are used to modify or make a new product. The conventional biotechniques are well accepted. Fermentation for alcohol production is essential in the production of alcoholic beverages. Modern bio techniques change the genetic code of living organisms through a process known as genetic modification. This process is common in industries for the creation of enzymes. Breeding of plants and animals involves biotechnology à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ better yields and characteristics are achieved.Science has contributed a lot to medical science. Various cures, medical tools such as food supplements and anti-cancer have all been attributed to science. Research in health care through a pplications of science has led to a healthier population, a more active population, increased life expectancy and quality of life and reduced pressure on health workers and budget. This goes a long way in realizing benefits of having a healthy population such as better economic performance and high living standards.Medical science has led to better protection. Needless to say, protection is way better than cure in that it is also cost effective. Biology and chemistry have been used extensively in exploring new ways of keeping diseases and illnesses at bay. For instance, for heart diseases and stroke, a basic blood test that monitors the peril of blood clots and is being used for prevention. Also, energy saving microscope technology has produced new perceptions into how viruses behave inside living cells. This has led to better vaccines for using in birds against bird flu and also control of illness with a potential to evolve to a serious hazard to humans.Efficient detection is also achieved through biotechnologies. The detection is very helpful in combatting illnesses at their preliminary stages. It is not only helpful to patients but also to the health care departments in relieving strain. For breast cancer, a technique (laser based) that examines abnormalities in order to check the malign tissues. This eliminates the need to extract the tissue samples by a needle. In the detection of osteoporosis, bio-medics have developed a technique that enables disease of brittle bone to be detected before the patients suffer a painful fracture.In treatment, science is widely applied. Gene therapy is a modern technique. It mainly uses microscopic carbon tubes to safely penetrate human cells and deliver DNA molecules that are modified. This greatly aids cancer treatment. Use of safe infrared lasers to mimic ionizing radiation leads to better DNA damage repair. They are used to learn how radiotherapy can be improved to kill normal cells and also treat cancer. Use of implant s assists in improving the quality of life. Scientists have discovered bonding agents that are efficient. The agents bond between the bone and the metal, and with neutrons at ISIS their efficacy on stresses. This leads to better inherent characteristics.Creation of vaccines is a major application of science. Medical experts and scientists often require a period of about fifteen years to finalize on a vaccine for it to become public and effective. Other vaccines, however, such as the flu vaccine are developed on an annual basis. The two modern methods of manufacturing vaccines are the use of mammalian cells and the investigational methods of using plant, insect cells or bacteria cultures. Some of this methods are still being actively tested in laboratories ("Vaccine Supplement - Posttest", 2006).The cell base manufacturing process uses cells from mammals to culture the influenza virus for the production of the vaccine. Different sources of mammalian cells are used by pharmaceutical c ompanies. Its advantages include ability to increase vaccine production with ease, ability to produce the vaccine faster and reduced ability of the virus culture mutating during manufacturing. Its disadvantage is mainly the high cost of manufacturing. Alternatively, the investigational manufacturing systems have a higher yield of the antigen. Nonetheless, there may be potential contamination of a vaccine by plant or bacterial viruses that may be present in the plant or bacterial material used to manufacture these vaccines.Moreover, science has revolutionized the transport industry. The 21st century is that of car and truck dependency. This comes with increased dependency on fuel. Not surprisingly, though, driverless vehicles have emerged. This increase the mobility for the marginal groups in the society such as the elderly and people with disabilities. However, the evolution has a lot of safety factors to consider. This makes it a social constraint rather than a technological one. S cientists are also researching on the use of the driverless technology in airplanes. This would, however, raise so many safety considerations. Hence using it for cargo planes would be the most appropriate. A similar potential exists for maritime transportation as the recent decades have seen automation considerably reduce the crews required to man ships.Scientists have also attempted to create alternative modes of transport that use no fuels using appropriate technology (Jansuwan Chen, 2015). These alternatives are more likely to complement the existing ones rather than completely replace them. For instance, a much faster train that uses magnetic levitation has been manufactured. The train has no friction apart from air friction. Consequently, it provides a suitable al...